Standard library math function in c++

C ++ Math function :-

These all are the most used math function in c++. All of these functions are c++ standard library function users just to define it and use it in their program.

Standard library math function in c++

pow() function in c++ : -

This function used to find the power of any number which is raised to increase the strength of that number. 

Syntax : -

pow(base, exponent) 

Well, c++11 which data type you pass to the pow() function return the result in that same data type.

llrint() in c++

  llrint() function in c++ give the shape to argument into an integral value with the help of current rounding mode.

Syntax : -

llrint(double x);

 It returns the same value for an integer value.

C++ remainder() function:- 

As we know in math theory remainder give the floating-point remainder of numerator/denominator. This function does the same it gives the remainder of numerator/denominator.

Syntax : -

remainder (x, y);

copysign() function in c++ : - 

copysign() function take two argument and give a value with the magnitude of first argument and sign of second argument.

Syntax : -

copysign(x, y);

fma() function in c++ : - 

fma() method in c++ take three argumentfor example x,y andz and give x*y+z without losing precision

Syntax : -

fma(x, y, z);

abs() function in c++ : -

abs function is a well known function in programming language this function used to give the absolute value of the argument.

Syntax : -

abs(x)

fabs() c++ : -

fabs function in c++ also use to give the absolute value but this function return the result value in double, float or long double type.

Syntax : -

fabs(x)

fdim() math function in c++ : -

fdim() function in c++ work with the two arguments and find out about the positive difference between first one and second argument.

Syntax : -

fdim(x, y);

fmin() math function in c++ : -

fmin() in c++  also works with the two arguments and gives the smallest among them.

Syntax : -

fmin(x, y);

Condition: - If any argument is NaN and the other one returned.

fmax() math function in c++ : -

fmax() in function c++  also works with the two arguments and gives the largest among them.

Syntax : -

fmax(x, y);

C++ in hypot():-

hypot() function gives the square root of the sum of square of arguments that are passed to the function.

Syntax : -

hypot(x, y);

nexttoward() math function in c++ : -

c++ standard library function nexttoward() help with the two arguments and give the representable value after x in the direction of y.

Syntax : -

nexttoward(x, y);

it will return the value in double, float, or long double type.

nextafter() function in c++ : -

c++ standard library function nextafter() help with the two arguments and give the representable value after x in the direction of y.

Syntax : -

nextafter(x, y);

its return value in default will be double.

cbrt() function in c++ : -

cbrt() math function in c++ will helps to find out about the cube root of a number. 

Syntax : -

cbrt(x);

sqrt() standard library in c++ : -

sqrt() math function in c++ will helps to find out about the square root of a given number. 

Syntax : -

sqrt(x);

exp() standard library in c++ : -

exp() math function in c++ will help to work with a single argument that can be negative, positive, or zero and gives the exponential raised by the given argument and returns the value in the range of [0, ∞].

Syntax : -

exp(x);

round() standard library in c++ : -

round function gives a integral value that is nearest to the argument this function work with the single argument that is given by the user.

Syntax : -

round(x);

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Advanced functions in SQL server

These all are the advance function in SQL server which are used to manipulate on the database with the help of these function we can get the current user name, user id, and more.

Advanced functions in SQL server

IFF() function in SQL: - 

"IIF() function" is a conditional function like if in any programming. IFF() function return the value if the condition is true or another value if a condition is FALSE. 

Syntax:-

IIF(condition, value_if_true, value_if_false)

ISNULL() function in SQL:- 

ISNULL() is used to give the specified value if the expression is NULL.

Syntax:-

ISNULL(expression, value)

The expression is tested to know that the given expression is NULL or not. If it's null then return the specified VALUE as shown in syntax.

ISNUMERIC() function in SQL Server:- 

ISNUMERIC() is used to test that given expression is numeric.

Syntax:-

ISNUMERIC(expression)

NULLIF() function in SQL Server:- 

NULLIF() function gives you NULL if two expressions are equal, otherwise, it returns the first expression.

Syntax:-

NULLIF(expr1, expr2)

SESSION_USER in SQL Server:- 

SESSION_USER function helps you to know about the current user in the SQL Server database.

Syntax:-

SESSION_USER

SESSIONPROPERTY() in SQL Server:- 

SESSIONPROPERTY() function in SQL gives the setting for a specified option for SQL SESSION.

Syntax:-

SESSIONPROPERTY(option)

Option In SESSIONPROPERTY()

•     ANSI_NULLS
•     ANSI_WARNINGS
•     QUOTED_IDENTIFIER
•     ARITHABORT
•     CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL
•     NUMERIC_ROUNDABOUT
•     ANSI_PADDING

SYSTEM_USER in SQL Server:- 

SYSTEM_USER  function does the same as SESSION_USER but the only difference is SYSTEM_USER gives the login name for the current user.

Syntax:-

SYSTEM_USER

USER_NAME() for SQL Server:- 

USER_NAME() function in SQL gives the name of the user depends on the specified id in the SQL database. If id is not specified then it will give the current user name.

Syntax:-

SYSTEM_USER

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Conversion functions in SQL

 These all are the function in SQL which is used to converts an expression from one data type to another data type and these all function are known as Conversion "Functions in SQL".

 

Conversion functions in SQL

CAST function in SQL : - 

CAST in SQL helps to converts an expression from one data type to another data type. If the conversion fails, CAST function would come back with a mistake. Otherwise, it'll give the conversion value.

Syntax  : - 

CAST( expression AS type [ (length) ] )

length: - length of the resulting data type like char, int, float, etc.

Example : - 

SELECT CAST(13.35 AS int);
Result: 13          (result is truncated)

SELECT CAST(14.56 AS float);
Result: 14.56       (result is not truncated)

SELECT CAST(14.7 AS varchar);
Result: '14.7'

SELECT CAST(149.6 AS varchar(4));
Result: '15.9'

SELECT CAST('15.6' AS float);
Result: 15.6

SELECT CAST('2014-05-02' AS datetime);
Result: '2014-05-02 00:00:00.000'

CONVERT function in SQL : -

CONVERT method in SQL does the same as CAST function "converts an expression from one data type to another data type."
But the syntax is different in this method tell the type of data type in which you wish to convert the expression to and type used to tell about the format used to convert between data types.

Syntax  : - 

CONVERT( type [ (length) ], expression [ , style ] )

Example : -

SELECT CONVERT(int, 13.85);
Result: 13          (result is truncated)

SELECT CONVERT(float, 13.85);
Result: 13.85       (result is not truncated)

SELECT CONVERT(varchar, 15.7);
Result: '15.7'

SELECT CONVERT(varchar(4), 15.7);
Result: '15.7'

SELECT CONVERT(float, '15.6');
Result: 15.6

SELECT CONVERT(datetime, '2014-05-02');
Result: '2014-05-02 00:00:00.000'

SELECT CONVERT(varchar, '05/02/2014', 101);
Result: '05/02/2014'

TRY_CAST function in SQL Server : -

TRY_CAST function also does the same work as the previous two functions did but this function will return NULL for any error. Otherwise, it will return the converted value.

Syntax  : - 

TRY_CAST( expression AS type [ (length) ] )

Example : -

SELECT TRY_CAST(13.85 AS int);
Result: 13
(result is a truncated int value)

SELECT TRY_CAST(13.85 AS float);
Result: 13.85
(returned as a float value and is not truncated)

SELECT TRY_CAST('14 Main St.' AS float);
Result: NULL
(result is NULL because conversion failed since this string value can not be converted to a float)

SELECT TRY_CAST(15.6 AS varchar);
Result: '15.6'
(result is returned as varchar)

SELECT TRY_CAST(15.6 AS varchar(2)); 
Result: NULL
(result is NULL because conversion failed since the value will not fit in a 2 character varchar)

SELECT TRY_CAST('2018-09-13' AS datetime);
Result: '2018-09-13 00:00:00.000'
(result is returned as a datetime)

TRY_CONVERT function in SQL Server : -

TRY_CONVERT function could be used at the place of CONVERT function in SQL because this function also used to "converts an expression from one data type to another data type." and TRY_CONVERT function will return NULL for any error. Otherwise, it will return the converted value.

Syntax  : - 

TRY_CONVERT( type [ (length) ], expression [ , style ] )

Example : -

SELECT TRY_CONVERT(int, 14.80);
Result: 14


SELECT TRY_CONVERT(float, 14.75);
Result: 14.75
(result is returned as a float value and is not truncated)

SELECT TRY_CONVERT(float, '14 Main St.');
Result: NULL


SELECT TRY_CONVERT(varchar, 15.6);
Result: '15.6'
(result is returned as a varchar)

SELECT TRY_CONVERT(varchar(2), 15.6); 
Result: NULL


SELECT TRY_CONVERT(datetime, '2018-09-13');
Result: '2018-09-13 00:00:00.000'


SELECT TRY_CONVERT(varchar, '2018-09-13', 101);
Result: '09/13/2018'
(result is returned as a varchar with a style of 101 - mm/dd/yyyy (US standard) )

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Read about Time/Date function in SQL

Learn about all date function which is used to manipulate in the SQL server with the help of Date function in SQL for example - CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function in SQL, DATEADD, DATENAME.

Read about Time/Date function in SQL

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function in SQL : -

SQL gives a function to the user which helps to return the current date and time in the SQL server and that function is known as CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function.

Syntax : - 

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

This function gives date and time in the format 'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.mmm'.

See the example : - 

SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;
Result: '2014-05-01 14:19:55.918'

DATEADD function in SQL : -

DATEADD function in SQL helps to give a date after adding or subtracting the interval from the date.

dateadd function in SQL

Syntax:- 

DATEADD( interval, number, date )

Example : -

SELECT DATEADD(year, 1, '2014/05/29');
Result: '2015-05-29 00:00:00.000'

SELECT DATEADD(year, 1, '2014/05/29');
Result: '2015-05-29 00:00:00.000'
SELECT DATEADD(year, 1, '2014/05/29');
Result: '2015-05-29 00:00:00.000'
SELECT DATEADD(year, -1, '2014/03/23');
Result: '2013-03-23 00:00:00.000'

SELECT DATEADD(month, 1, '2014/09/18');
Result: '2014-09-18 00:00:00.000'

SELECT DATEADD(month, -1, '2014/04/28');
Result: '2014-03-28 00:00:00.000'

SELECT DATEADD(day, 1, '2014/04/28');
Result: '2014-04-29 00:00:00.000'

SELECT DATEADD(day, -1, '2014/04/28');
Result: '2014-04-27 00:00:00.000'

DATEDIFF function in SQL : -

DATEDIFF function tells about the between two date values, based on the interval specified.

datediff function in SQL

Syntax:- 

DATEDIFF( interval, date1, date2 )

The interval used to calculate the difference between date1 and date2.

Example : - 

SELECT DATEDIFF(year, '2012/01/18', '2014/01/28');
Result: 2

SELECT DATEDIFF(yyyy, '2010/04/28', '2012/04/28');
Result: 2

SELECT DATEDIFF(yy, '2010/04/28', '2012/04/28');
Result: 2

SELECT DATEDIFF(month, '2014/01/01', '2014/04/28');
Result: 3

SELECT DATEDIFF(day, '2014/01/01', '2014/04/28');
Result: 117

SELECT DATEDIFF(hour, '2014/04/28 08:00', '2014/04/28 10:45');
Result: 2

SELECT DATEDIFF(minute, '2014/04/28 08:00', '2014/04/28 10:45');
Result: 165

DATENAME in SQL : -

DATENAME function in SQL gives the specified part of the of a given date, as a string value

Syntax:- 

DATENAME( interval, date )

it will return the result in the string.

Example : - 

SELECT DATENAME(year, '2014/04/28');
Result: '2014'

SELECT DATENAME(yyyy, '2012/04/28');
Result: '2012'

SELECT DATENAME(yy, '2010/04/28');
Result: '2010'

SELECT DATENAME(month, '2014/01/28');
Result: 'Jan'

SELECT DATENAME(day, '2014/04/19');
Result: '19'

SELECT DATENAME(quarter, '2014/04/28');
Result: '2'

SELECT DATENAME(hour, '2014/04/28 09:49');
Result: '9'

SELECT DATENAME(minute, '2014/04/28 09:49');
Result: '49'

SELECT DATENAME(second, '2014/04/28 09:49:12');
Result: '12'

SELECT DATENAME(millisecond, '2014/04/28 09:49:12.726');
Result: '726'

DATEPART in SQL : -

DATEPART function in SQL gives the specified part of the of a given date, as an integer value.

Syntax:- 

DATEPART( interval, date )

it will return the result in the integer.

Example : - 

SELECT DATENAME(year, '2014/04/28');
Result: '2014'

SELECT DATENAME(yyyy, '2012/04/28');
Result: '2012'

SELECT DATENAME(yy, '2010/04/28');
Result: '2010'

SELECT DATENAME(month, '2014/01/28');
Result: '1'

SELECT DATENAME(day, '2014/04/19');
Result: '19'

SELECT DATENAME(quarter, '2014/04/28');
Result: '2'

SELECT DATENAME(hour, '2014/04/28 09:49');
Result: '9'

SELECT DATENAME(minute, '2014/04/28 09:49');
Result: '49'

SELECT DATENAME(second, '2014/04/28 09:49:12');
Result: '12'

SELECT DATENAME(millisecond, '2014/04/28 09:49:12.726');
Result: '726'

DATEPART in SQL : -

DAY function tells about the day of the month (between 1 to 31) given a date value.

Syntax:- 

DAY( date_value )

Example : - 

SELECT DAY('2014/04/22');
Result: 22

SELECT DAY('2014/03/23 10:05');
Result: 23

SELECT DAY('2014/04/11 10:05:18.621');
Result: 11

GETDATE SQL function : -

GATEDATE function in SQL gives you the current date and time just like the CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function.

Syntax:- 

GETDATE ( )

Example : - 

SELECT GETDATE();
Result: '2014-04-28 18:17:28.160'

GETUTCDATE SQL function : -

GETUTCDATE function for SQL server returns the current UTC date and time.

Syntax:- 

GETUTCDATE ( )

Example : - 

SELECT GETUTCDATE();
Result: '2014-04-29 00:27:58.657' 

MONTH Function in SQL : -

MONTH function tells about the MONTH of the month (between 1 to 12) given a date value.

Syntax:- 

MONTH( date_value )

Example : - 

SELECT MONTH('2014/02/28');
Result: 2

SELECT MONTH('2014/01/31 10:05');
Result: 1

SELECT MONTH('2014/10/01 10:05:18.621');
Result: 10

MONTH Function in SQL : -

MONTH function tells about the four-digit year (in number) given a date value.

Syntax:- 

YEAR( date_value )

Example : - 

SELECT YEAR('2012/04/28');
Result: 2012

SELECT YEAR('2009/03/31 10:05');
Result: 2009

SELECT YEAR('2011/12/01 10:05:18.621');
Result: 2011

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Math and Numeric function in SQL Server

These all are the math function in SQL which helps users to manipulate on the number.

Math and Numeric function in SQL Server

SQL server absolute value function:-

ABS() function in SQL is used to get the absolute value of a number.

 Syntax : -

ABS(number)

  ACOS() SQL function:-

ACOS() function gives the arc cosine of a number.

 Syntax : -

ACOS(number)

ASIN() SQL function:-

ASIN() in SQL gives the arc sine of a number.

 Syntax : -

ASIN(number)

ATAN() SQL function:-

ATAN() method in SQL gives the arctangent of a number.

 Syntax : -

ATAN(number)

ATAN() SQL function:-

ATAN2() gives an arc tangent of two numbers in SQL.

 Syntax : -

ATN2(a, b)

AVG() SQL:-

AVG() function in SQL tell you about the average value of an expression.

Syntax : -

AVG(expression)

SQL CEILING() method:-

CEILING() method in SQL helps you to give the smallest integer value that is larger than or equal to a number. 

Syntax : -

CEILING(number)

SQL COUNT():-

COUNT() in SQL tells you about the number of records returned by a select query in Database. 

Syntax : -

COUNT(expression)

SQL COT():-

COT() function in SQL returns the cotangent of a number. 

Syntax : -

COT(number)

SQL DEGREES() function:-

SQL DEGREES() use to convert the radians value to degrees.

Syntax : -

DEGREES(number)

EXP() function:-

EXP() method in SQL raise the power of e to the specified number.

Syntax : -

EXP(number)

FLOOR() in SQL:-

FLOOR() function in SQL gives the largest integer value that is smaller than or equal to a number.


Syntax : -

FLOOR(number)

LOG() SQL:-

LOG() in SQL gives the logarithm value of any specified number or the logarithm of any number to the specified base.


Syntax : -

LOG(number, base) -- Syntax for SQL Server

LOG10() SQL:-

LOG10() gives the logarithm value with the base 10 of any specified value


Syntax : -

LOG10(number)

MAX() in SQL:-

MAX() function in SQL find the maximum number from a set of values.

Syntax : -

MAX(expression)

MIN() in SQL:-

MIN() function in SQL find the minimum number from a set of values.

Syntax : -

MIN(expression)

PI() in SQL:-

As its name says PI() function in SQL gives the value of PI.


Syntax : -

PI()

POWER() in SQL:-

POWER() in SQL server function gives the value which is raised to the power of any specified number.


Syntax : -

POWER(a, b)

RADIANS() in SQL:-

RADIANS() function used to convert the degree value into radians.

Syntax : -

RADIANS(number)

RAND() in SQL:-

RAND() function in SQL gives the random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive) if seed is specified then it would return the repeatable sequence of random numbers.


Syntax : -

RAND(seed)

ROUND() in SQL:-

ROUND() function in SQL gives the round number to a specified number of decimal places.

Syntax : -

ROUND(number, decimals, operation)

SQRT() method in SQL:-

SQRT() function in SQL gives the square root of a number.

Syntax : -

SQRT(number)

SQUARE() method in SQL:-

SQUARE() SQL function gives the square of a number. 

Syntax : -

SQUARE(number)

SUM() function in SQL:-

SUM() SQL function calculates the sum of a set of values.

Syntax : -

SUM(expression)

SUM() function in SQL:-

SUM() SQL function calculates the sum of a set of values.

Syntax : -

SUM(expression)

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SQL server functions and build-in functions

These all are the function SQL Server which helps the user manipulate the SQL QUERY. You can learn string, numeric, date, conversion, and some advanced functions in SQL Server.

SQL server functions and built-in functions

ASCII() Function : - 

ASCII() function in SQL gives the value for the specified character.

Syntax : - 

ASCII(character)

CHAR() Function : - 

CHAR() function in SQL reads the character based on the ASCII code.

Syntax : - 

CHAR(code)

CHARINDEX() Function : - 

CHARINDEX() function in SQL search for the substring in a string and returns the position. If any substring not founded then returns 0.

Syntax : - 

CHARINDEX(substring, 
  string, start)

  SQL server CONCAT() function : -

CONCAT() method in SQL use to add two or more string together.

Syntax : - 

CONCAT(string1, 
  string2, ...., string_n)

SQL Server Concat With + : -

The + operator also works like the Concat() method for adding two or more strings together.

Syntax : - 

string1 + string2 + string_n

CONCAT_WS() Function in SQL server: - 

CONCAT_WS() function in SQL use to add two or more string together with a separator.

Syntax : - 

CONCAT_WS(separator, string1,string2, ...., string_n)

DATALENGTH() Function in SQL server: - 

DATALENGTH() function in SQL gives the number of bytes used to represent an expression.

Syntax : - 

DATALENGTH(expression)

 DIFFERENCE() Function in SQL server: - 

 DIFFERENCE() for SQL compares two SOUNDEX( four-character code) values and returns an integer. Integer value indicates the match for the two SOUNDEX values, from 0 to 4. compares two SOUNDEX values.

Syntax : - 

DIFFERENCE(expression, expression)

 FORMAT() Function in SQL server: - 

 FORMAT() for SQL function formats a value with the specified format.

Syntax : - 

FORMAT(value, format, culture)

LEFT() Function in SQL server: - 

 LEFT() method in SQL extracts a number of characters from a string that is starting from left.

Syntax : - 

LEFT(string, number_of_chars)

LEN() function of SQL : - 

 LEN() function from the SQL server returns the length of a string but the space form the string is not included.

Syntax : - 

LEN(string)

LOWER() function of SQL : - 

LOWER() function in SQL returns converts a string to lower-case.

Syntax : - 

LOWER(text)

LTRIM() function: - 

LTRIM() function used to removes leading spaces from a string.

Syntax : - 

LTRIM(string)

NCHAR() function from SQL: - 

NCHAR() function of SQL return the Unicode character on the basis of number code.

Syntax : - 

NCHAR(number_code)

PATINDEX() function from SQL: - 

PATINDEX() function gives you the position (address) of a pattern in a string. If the pattern is not found then return zero.

Syntax : - 

PATINDEX(%pattern%, string)

    % - Match any string of any length (including 0 lengths)
    _ - Match an only single character
    [] - Match any characters within the brackets, e.g. [xyz]
    [^] - Match any character, which is not in the brackets, e.g. [^xyz].

QUOTENAME() function from SQL server: - 

QUOTENAME() function in SQL returns the Unicode string with delimiters added for making that string a valid SQL Server delimited identifier.

Syntax : - 

QUOTENAME(string, quote_char)

REPLACE() in SQL: - 

REPLACE() method in SQLreplace all the substring within a string, with a new substring and search is case-insensitive.

Syntax : - 

REPLACE(string, old_string, new_string)

REPLICATE() in SQL: - 

REPLICATE() Function in SQL repeats a string a specified number of times.

Syntax : - 

REPLICATE(string, integer)

REVERSE() in SQL: - 

REVERSE() Function in SQL gives you a reverse string as the result.

Syntax : - 

REVERSE(string)

REVERSE() in SQL: - 

REVERSE() Function in SQL gives you a reverse string as the result.

Syntax : - 

REVERSE(string)

RTRIM() in SQL: - 

RTRIM() in SQL removes all space characters from the right-hand side of a string.

Syntax : - 

RTRIM( string )

SOUNDEX() server function in SQL: - 

SOUNDEX() in SQL find a four-character code so that it evaluates the similarity of two expressions.

Syntax : - 

SOUNDEX(expression)

SPACE() server function in SQL: - 

SPACE() method in SQL returns a string with a specified number of spaces.

Syntax : - 

SPACE(number)

STR() server function in SQL: - 

STR() in SQL function returns a string that represents a number.

Syntax : - 

STR(number, length, decimals)

STUFF() server function in SQL: - 

STUFF() function allow you to edit the string with deletes a part of a string and then inserts another part into the string starting point specified by the user.

Syntax : - 

STUFF(string, start, length, new_string)

SUBSTRING() in SQL: - 

SUBSTRING() is a part of the string and this function extracts some characters from a string.

Syntax : - 

SUBSTRING(string, start, length)

SUBSTRING() in SQL: -

SUBSTRING() is a part of the string and this function extracts some characters from a string.

Syntax : - 

SUBSTRING(string, start, length)

TRIM() in SQL: -

TRIM() method in SQL removes the space character OR other specified characters from the start or end of a string. There are two more kinds of method to trim LTRIM() and RTRIM() functions.

Syntax : - 

TRIM([characters FROM ]string)

TRIM() in SQL: -

TRIM() method in SQL removes the space character OR other specified characters from the start or end of a string. There are two more kinds of method to trim LTRIM() and RTRIM() functions.

Syntax : - 

TRIM([characters FROM ]string)

UNICODE in SQL: -

UNICODE() in SQL gives the first character from the first character of the input expression.

Syntax : - 

UNICODE(character_expression)

UNICODE in SQL: -

UPPER() function in SQL helps you to changes a string to the upper-case.

Syntax : - 

UPPER(text)

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